用英文简述京剧的历史

用英文简述京剧的历史
用英文简述京剧的历史

用英文简述京剧的历史
Introduction of Peking (Beijing) Opera
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Peking opera of China is a national treasure with a history of 200 years.In the 55th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty(1790) ,the four big Huiban opera Troupes entered the capital and combined with Kunqu opera,Yiyang opera,Hanju opera and Luantan in Beijing's thearetical circle of the time.Through a period of more than half a century of combination and integration of various kinds of opera there evolved the present Peking opera,the biggest kind of opera in China,whose richness of repertoire,great number of artists of performance and of audiences,and profound influence are incomparable in China.
Peking opera is a synthesis of stylized action,singing,dialogue and mime,acrobatic fighting and dancing to represent a story or depict different characters and their feelings of gladness,anger,sorrow,happiness,surprise,fear and sadness.In Peking opera there are four main types of roles:sheng (male) dan (young female),jing( painted face,male),and chou (clown,male or female).The characters may be loyal or treacherous,beautiful or ugly,good or bad,their images being vividly manifested.
The repertoire of Peking opera is mainly engaged in fairy tales of preceding dynasties,important historical events,emperors,ministers and generals,geniuses and great beauties,from the ancient times to Yao,Shun,Yu,the Spring and Autumn Period,the Warring States Period and the dynasties of Qin,Han,Sui,Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming,Qing.
The music of Peking opera is that of the "plate and cavity style".Its melody with harmonious rhythms is graceful and pleasing to the ears.The melody may be classified into two groups:"Xipi" and "erhong",guiding pattern,original pattern,slow pattern,quick pattern,desultary pattern being their chief patterns.The performance is accompanied by a tune played on wind instruments,percussion instruments and stringed instruments,the chief musical instruments being jinghu (a two-stringed bowed instrument with a high register),yueqin( a four-stringed plucked instrument with a full-moon-shaped sound box),Sanxian( a three-stringed plucked instrument),suona horn,flute drum,big-gong,cymbals,small-gong,etc.
The costumes in Peking opera are graceful,magnificent,elegant and brilliant,most of which are made in handicraft embroidery.As the traditional Chinese pattern are adopted,the costumes are of a high aesthetic value.
The types of facial make-ups in Peking opera are rich and various,depicting different characters and remarkable images,therefore they are highly appreciated.Moreover there are numerous fixed editions of facial make-up.
Since Mei Lanfang,the grand master of Peking opera,visited Japan in 1919,Peking opera has become more and more popular with people all over the world,and it has made an excellent contribution to cultural exchange between China and the West,to friendly association and to improvement of solidarity.
Peking Opera house of Beijing has been invited to perform in U.S.A.,England,France,Germany,Italy (three times),Australia,Japan( four times),Brazil,Turkey,Singapore,South korea and Hongkong (five times).The performances have made an outstanding contribution to Sino-foreign cultural exchange and to the promotion of friendly association of peoples in the world,and were highly appreciated by foreign audiences.
In 1993 Peking Opera House of Beijing as a big Peking opera troupe made a performance visit to Taiwan,pushing the cultural exchange to a new height.
Peking Opera house of Beijing is willing to participate in activities of international cultural exchange and of commercial performances and sincerely hopes that friends in various countries will make contacts with us about cultural exchange and performances.

The name of the Peking Opera in the late qing beginning two years (1876) "shenbao", there have been PiHuang, TLC identification method for erhuang, yellow cavity, the tone, JingXi, flat play, such as ...

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The name of the Peking Opera in the late qing beginning two years (1876) "shenbao", there have been PiHuang, TLC identification method for erhuang, yellow cavity, the tone, JingXi, flat play, such as Chinese appellation, the qing qianlong 55 years (1790) anhui four HuiBan performers with Beijing after the dramatic world, HanJu, YiYang, kunqu opera in China after five, strum, sixty years of yi evolvement become Beijing Opera, is China's biggest Chinese operas flourishing.
Peking Opera is a comprehensive performance art. (singing), sing that read (NianBai), do (act), play (fight), dance dance) of one body, through the program performance means in Syria story, characterize the characters, the expression "happiness, anger, sadness and joy, surprised, fear, sadness" thoughts and feelings. Role can be divided into: life (the man), Dan (women), net (the man), ugly (male, woman all have four big labor. Characters have faithful evil portion of the important points, of good and evil points. Each image is bright, lifelike.
May 20, 2006, Peking Opera, with the approval of the state council listed in the first national nonmaterial cultural heritage list.
Beijing Opera-brief
Incubation period
Beijing Opera "Hamlet" version of qing dynasty, Beijing Opera stage popular with JingQiang kunqu opera (YiYangQiang). After the middle of emperor qianlong, kunqu opera gradually and decline, JingQiang prosperity replace kunqu opera series city stage.
Forty-five years of emperor qianlong (1780) tendencies WeiChangSheng artists by sichuan performers.
Fifty-five years of emperor qianlong (1790), the three HuiBan to stay after a city (class addresses HanGuTai alley in inside), and there are four joy, rev. Show, neon cui, spring machine, mass, 3 and, song wish, JinYu, big scene and for the class, also in the dashilan stay in performance. Among them with a three, four joy, mass, spring Taiwan four fame most quickly, so some of the "four great HuiBan," said.
HanJu popular in hubei, the ShengQiang XiPi and emblem of the TLC identification method for erhuang, play with blood relations. Logo, han two play had extensive in performers art blends. After qianlong dynasty, HanJu famous m should be advanced after Beijing, early light (1821), has HanJu old lee and famous six, WangHongGui, YuSanSheng, niche LongDeYun into Beijing such as, respectively, take into HuiBan spring machine, van nung singing class. HanJu actors take into HuiBan, will be ShengQiang tune, performance skills, plays soluble in emblem of play, make the emblem of the play increasingly rich and perfect song plate, singing, NianBai more phonetic features Beijing area, and easy to Beijing people accept. Light 25 years (1845) each name class, are all old living as the captain. Logo, han rivers, contributed to XiPi attune and anhui province of hubei province of the exchange "er huang again. Logo, the qin and han's rivers, for the birth of the Peking Opera to lay the foundation.
formation
Light twenty years to xianfeng ten years (1840-1860) between, the play, the emblem of the HanDiao qinqiang or rivers, and draw on the long, JingQiang kunqu opera and the formation of the Beijing Opera.
The mark of a: tune plate complete rich, beyond the logo, the qin and han three of the play any. By singing ti and "qu pai ti" mixed composition. ShengQiang mainly "er huang, XiPi primarily.
Another, trade in complete.
# 3, formed a group of Beijing Opera production.
Of the four, ChengChangGeng, YuSanSheng, ZhangErKui for Peking Opera in the early years of the representative formation, they in singing, and performance style on the rig features, create the main tone in Peking Opera XiPi, "er huang and Beijing Opera drama form, and Beijing has the features of language, sound suggests, made a prominent contribution.
The first generation of Beijing Opera actor, there is an old LuSheng Krishna, XueYin porch, ZhangRuLin, WangJiuLing, etc.; Niche LongDeYun, XuXiaoXiang; HuXiLu denier, LuoQiaoFu, MeiQiaoLing; Ugly YangMing jade, liu cast three; LaoDan HaoLanTian, TanZhiDao; Net ZhuDa MaZi, as such as stress, they all the business for rich ShengQiang and performance art, all have a unique creation. After the 'four xi class' class Lord MeiQiaoLing of, have the courage to break through tsing yi, the old rules strictly opening the division, performing for singing art open a new road.
maturity
In 1883 a 1918, by the formation of the Peking Opera into maturity, representative figures for the as old living after three jie "TanXinPei, WangGuiFen, SunJuXian.
After the s, yu shuyan said friends, GaoQingKui, chrysanthemum MaLianLiang etc, all in the Pope "TanPa" on the basis of the development of different artistic schools for.
Xianfeng ten years (1861) ShiRu palace Beijing Opera performance. That year may end up to arrest, by three points a class, four xi class, double Krishna and outside class the class (Beijing Opera class) performance.
The nine years (1883), when possible, life, choose ZhangQiLin, YangLongShou, BaoFuShan ferro, color, YanFuXi 18 people into the palace cop, not only singing, and when the Peking Opera shan, the skills taught to the eunuch. Since then, the agency in charge of the qing performance affairs "wine department", each choose famous artists into the cop, "stop xuantong three years (1911), the idea has TanXinPei, YangYueLou, SunJuXian, ChenDeLin, WangLeng fairy, Yang xiaolou, YuYuQin, ZhuWenYing, WangYaoQing, GongYunFu, MuFengShan, such as QianJinFu male, the female net, ugly, by more than 150 people had into the palace. Because when hobby Beijing Opera, and famous Beijing Opera at the palace frequent stage, strong momentum. Over the same period, the gate area at GuangDe building, a garden, a three and garden, WenMingYuan paradise, such as a theatre and days of Peking Opera, form the Peking Opera series situation.
Beijing Opera at maturity, except the "old living after three jie" outside, born there, JiaHongLin do XuYinTang; WuSheng YuJuSheng, YangLongShou; Net line HeJiaShan, HuangRunFu, JinXiuShan, QiuGuiXian, LiuYongChun, etc.; Niche WangLeng fairy, Germany Jun such as, LiuHuaYun: denier ChenDeLin, TianGuiFeng, do WangYaoQing, ZhuWenYing; WangChangLin scandal, a black, arjen robben, the-year-old XiaoChangHua, GuoChunShan. This time, the woman's rise, formed with ShengJiao performing with the trend. WuSheng YuJuSheng, started WuSheng self-reliance portal pick beam first, he was later called "WuSheng ancestor". The famous and inheritance of innovative development, singing skill mature gradually, will the Peking Opera to a new height.
follows
Beijing Opera performance after 1917, Beijing Opera actor best emerge in a large amount, presents the schools had the prosperity of the situation, the stage development to the flourishing, this period for Yang xiaolou representative figures, mei lanfang, yu shuyan.
In 1927, Beijing "shun day" news "Peking Opera MingLing held performing selection. Readers vote results: mei lanfang to play "too really gaiden", ShangXiaoYun to play "modern jia female", ChengYanQiu to play"。

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Peking Opera farewell to my concubine scholars pointed out:" the Peking Opera the birth and development of the Qing court, by direct drive is in doubt, especially the Empress Dowager Cixi era, even mo...

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Peking Opera farewell to my concubine scholars pointed out:" the Peking Opera the birth and development of the Qing court, by direct drive is in doubt, especially the Empress Dowager Cixi era, even more because of highly court favor reputation. From Daoguang Dynasty palace began to have" unwieldy drama" that the Queensland outside the opera performances, Xianfeng years large numbers of Anhui opera troupe of artists and was called into the palace singing strum, Opera repertoire, until the Tongzhi years, presided over by two house, especially the later empress dowager empress authoritarian era, gradually forming the Peking Opera has finally become the main palace concert. " On the good, the next will very Yan" saying now fully confirmed. Peking Opera broke social stratification, in the capital of each class in the audience is increasing rapidly, and thus quickly spread all over on both sides of the Changjiang river. Among them, the court with kings and nobles, of course, than the ordinary audience is more helpful to the development of Beijing Opera Beijing opera, but was not art, creation and development of Beijing opera performing artists nor the court jester. Peking Opera is not the official art, at least in its development of one hundred years ago is not so."

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