动名词和不定式短语的问题?比如 It is no good Doing this.(只能使用动名词?)It is his duty Doing this/to do this (都可以?)在什么情况下只能使用动名词短语做主语或者只能用To do?(PS:是短语)请具体说明下

动名词和不定式短语的问题?比如 It is no good Doing this.(只能使用动名词?)It is his duty Doing this/to do this (都可以?)在什么情况下只能使用动名词短语做主语或者只能用To do?(PS:是短语)请具体说明下
动名词和不定式短语的问题?
比如
It is no good Doing this.(只能使用动名词?)
It is his duty Doing this/to do this (都可以?)
在什么情况下只能使用动名词短语做主语或者只能用To do?(PS:是短语)
请具体说明下

动名词和不定式短语的问题?比如 It is no good Doing this.(只能使用动名词?)It is his duty Doing this/to do this (都可以?)在什么情况下只能使用动名词短语做主语或者只能用To do?(PS:是短语)请具体说明下
动词不定是做宾补强调的是过程,动名词强调的是在进行.过去分词强调的是被做二既然题中说经常,就是强调过程,所以用不定式.如果前面说的事情是偶尔的,就得用动名词做宾补
明白了吧,再给你出几道题考考你.
例如 A:many people like watching others play game.
B:many people like to watch others playing game
1）在A句中为什么用不定式play 而在B中却用playing
（2）假若把to watch 换成often 可以吗?
（3）动名词短语和不定式短语在句中若做其它成分可以吗.那短语里面的watching to watch会改变吗
Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种 乐趣.（主语）
Seeing is believing.眼见为实.（主语）
Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一个目标是结束国家的混乱状态.（表语）
What he got in his mind was walking all the way to town.他心中的想的办法是一路步行进城.（表语）
My job is teaching.我的工作是教学.（表语）
To keep money that you have found is stealing.私藏拾到的钱等于偷窃.（表语）
Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋该修理了.（宾语）
I have finished writing this book.我已经写完这本书了.(宾语)
She left without saying good-bye to us.她没有向我们告别就走了.（介词宾语）
My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜欢滑冰.（介词宾语）
Thank you for giving me some help. 谢谢你给我些帮助.(介词宾语)
§10由于动名词是动词的一种形式,因此动名词也具有动词的一些特征.动名词可以带直接宾语；可以被副词修饰.例如：
My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮.(stamps是动名词collecting的宾语)
Meeting you has been a great pleasure.见到你是件很快乐的事.（you是动名词meeting的宾语）
I like driving fast. 我喜欢开快车.（副词fast修饰动名词driving）
动名词还有几种形式：
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
Having done
Having been done
§ 11动名词（短语）的句法功能：
1.动名词具有名词的特征,做主语.例如：
Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事.
Sweeping the floor is my wife's everyday work.扫地是我妻子的日常工作.
Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有好处.
【注意】注意以下句型,“it”是形式主语,动名词是正真的主语.动名词做主语时谓语动词用单数.例如：
It is no good smoking and drinking. I suggest that you should give them up.吸烟喝酒没有好处.我建议你应该戒掉.
It is a waste of time watching TV all day.整天看电视是浪费时间.
It is no use operating on this woman. She ought to have been sent here two hours ago. 给这个妇女做手术已经没有用了,她本来应该在两个小时之前送来.
Living together with you has been a great pleasure.和你住在一起真高兴.
2.作表语
My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语.
The only thing that interests her is dancing.唯一使她感兴趣的事情是跳舞.
The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers.真正的问题是了解消费者的需要.
To keep money you have found is stealing.捡到钱不交等于偷窃.
【注意】一般来说,动名词作表语表示主语的内容；而现在分词作表语表示主语的特征和属性.例如：
The work assigned to us is bringing the chairs downstairs.分配给我们的工作是把椅子带下楼来.（表示主语的内容）
Her job is raising pigs. 她的工作是养猪.（表示主语的内容）
The film was exciting. 这部电影激动人心.（表示主语的特征）
It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 会议延期了使人扫兴.（表示主语的特征）
3.作宾语
Andrew hated giving anaesthetics. 安德罗极不喜欢麻醉工作.
I wouldn't mind going there with her.与她一起去那儿,我没有意见.
I assure you I wouldn't have troubled you if I could have avoided doing so. 我可以向你保证,如果当时我能避免的话,我是决不会麻烦你的.
I enjoy listening to music.我喜欢听音乐.
She couldn't risk missing that train. 我不能冒险误过那次火车.
I have finished writing this novel. 我已经写完了这本小说.
【注意】
1.只能用动名词作宾语,而不能用不定式作宾语的动词有：admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, dislike, enjoy, excuse, face, fancy, finish, grudge, can't help, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, require, stand, suggest, understand, give up, leave off, put off等等.
2.在下列动词之后即可以用不定式,也可以用动名词.这样的动词有：like, love, hate, prefer, begin, commence, start, continue, attempt, intend, propose, can't bear, cease, choose, decline, deserve, disdain, dread, endure, forget, learn, mean, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, regret, try等等.例如：
Do you like swimming( to swim)? 你喜欢游泳吗?
We began listening (to listen)to music.我们开始听音
She propose making(to make)a change in our studying plan. 她建议把我们的学习计划做一些改动.
3.下列动词后既可接不定式,也可接动名词,但所表示的意思不同.例如：
1)remember to do something 记住要做某事
remember doing something 记得曾经做过某事
例如：
I remember posting the letter.我记得我把封信发出了.
Please remember to post the letter for me.请记住替我发信.
I remember seeing this film.我记得曾经看过这部电影.
I should remember to see the film.我应该记住去看这部电影.
2)forget to do something 忘记要做某事
forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
例如：
I shall never forget seeing the Swiss Alps for the first time.我将永远忘不了我第一次游览瑞士阿尔卑斯山的情景.
I am afraid he will forget to write to me. 恐怕他会忘记写信给我.
3) stop to do something 停下某事去做……
stop doing something 停止做某事
例如：
I really must stop smoking. 我的确该戒烟.
I have been working all the morning. I have to stop to smoke a cigarette. 我已经工作了一上午了,我得停下抽支烟.
4) try to do something 设法做某事
try doing something (做某事)试试
例如：
Try to do your duty well. 尽力做好本职工作.
Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.前门没有人听见你的声音,那么敲敲后门试一试.
5)regret to do something 因做某事感到悲哀（不愉快）
regret doing 因做某事感到后悔
例如：
I regret causing him so much inconvenience.我因给他带来许多不便而感到懊悔.
I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer your employment.我很抱歉地通知你,我们不能接受你的雇用.
6)mean doing 意味着或意思是
mean to do something 打算做某事或想要做某事
例如：
We know that learning a language does not mean just working in a class. 我们知道,学习一种语言并不意味着只是在课堂里学习.
I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我并没有想伤害你的感情.
7)go on to do something （做完某事）接着做另一件事
go on doing something 继续做某事
例如：
I hope it won't go on snowing all day and all night. 我希望雪不要整天整夜下个不停.
Our teacher welcomed the new students and then went on to explain the school regulations. 在欢迎新生后,我们的老师开始解释学校的规章制度.
8)need to do something 需要做某事（表示主动）
need doing something 需要……（表示被动）
例如：
You need to work harder. 你需要更加努力学习.
Your house needs painting. 你的房子需要油漆了.
9)want to do something 想做某事（表示主动）
want doing 需要……（表示被动）
例如：
I want to study French.我想学习法语.
The electric shaver wants repairing before it can be used. 电动剃须刀需经修理才能使用.
10)begin和start在下列三种情况下最好用动名词.
A.主语是物而不是人时.例如：
The ice began(started) to melt. 冰开始融化.
The barometer began (started)to fall. 气压计开始下降.
B.当begin或start 用于进行时态时.例如：
She is beginning (starting) to cook the dinner.她开始做饭.
C.当begin或start后面的动词指心理状态或精神活动时.例如：
I began to understand my past mistakes.我开始认识自己过去的错误.
She started to wonder who had done it. 她开始纳闷,这件事究竟是谁做的.
11)请比较以下句子：
The buses have ceased running.公共汽车已经停了.
The buses ceased to run. 公共汽车停掉不开了.
第一句的意思可能是：“公共汽车今天停开,但是明天将再开.“第二个句子的意思可能是：“公共汽车将停开很长的一段时间,也可能永远不再开了.”
12)在like, hate, prefer动词后,如果表示一般倾向,多用动名词作宾语,如果指特定的或具体的动作时,用不定式.例如：
I like watching TV. 我喜欢看电视.
I'd like to watch TV this afternoon.今天下午我想看电视.
I hate speaking before a big audience.我不喜欢在大庭广众面前讲话.
I hate to speak at the meeting today. 我今天不愿意在会上发言.
I prefer reading to watching TV.我情愿看书,不爱看电视.
I prefer to watch TV today. 我今天情愿看电视.
13) be afraid to do something 害怕（不敢）去做某事,（常会发生对自己或别人有伤害或令人畏惧的结果）；而be afraid of doing something 表示害怕（担心）会发生某种不愿发生的或不应发生的情况（不一定是令人畏惧的情况）,可译为“唯恐(怕)”.例如：
She was afraid of waking her husband up. 可能丈夫病了或很累,不应吵醒他.(恐怕发生不应发生的可能后果)
She was afraid to wake her husband up.（如叫醒丈夫,可能他要发火,责备她.(害怕去做应当做或必须做的事）
I am afraid of asking the teacher. 我害怕问老师.（要麻烦老师,是我不希望发生的）
I am afraid to ask the teacher. 我不敢问老师.（表示有必要去问,但老师可能要批评我）
4.能跟动名词的动词短语很多,常见的这样短语有：accuse of , be fond of , be capable of, be keen on, be proud of , be ashamed of, be responsible for, be sick of , be tired of , be afraid of , insist on, persist in, stick to , suspect …of, accuse…of, think of, dream of, approve of, prevent (stop, keep)…from, hear of 等.例如：
I am proud of working with you. 我为和你在一起工作感到骄傲.
She is good at singing and dancing.她擅长于唱歌跳舞.
I am thinking of going to the industrial exhibition this afternoon. 我想下午去看工业展览.
I am interested in skating. 我对滑冰感兴趣.
5.下列动词短语中的“to”是介词,不是不定式的符号,因此后面要接动名词或名词.accommodate oneself to 使……适应于,be accustomed to（accustom oneself to）习惯于（使……习惯于）,be addicted to 沉湎于,admit to承认, be agreeable to欣然同意,confess to承认,confine oneself to使局限于,contribute to有助于,devote…to 把……奉献给……,be devoted to 献身于,专心于,be equal to能胜任,fall to 着手,have no (have an)objection to不反对,（反对）,object to 反对,look forward to盼望,be opposed to反对,pay attention to 注意,lend oneself to帮助,prefer doing something to doing something宁愿……而不……,see to注意,take to开始从事于,when it comes to 谈到,至于,就……而论,be used to 习惯于等等.
例如：
When it comes to writing short essays, you had better ask his advice. 谈到写短篇文章,你最好请教他.
I don't feel equal to doing the work. 我感到不能胜任这工作.
I have got used to working on the night shift. 我上夜班已经习惯了.
I have been looking forward to writing a novel by myself.我一起盼望自己写一本小说.
She refused to admit to breaking the window.她拒绝承认打破窗子.
6.动名词也可以和以下短语连用,作状语.常见的短语有：apart from, for fear of, in case of, with a view to, with the object of, in the event of等等.例如：
We should stay at home today instead of going to school. 今天我们应该呆在家里而应去上学.
He did such a thing with the object of improving his oral English. 他这样做完全是为了提高英语口语水平.
§ 12动名词的完成式与被动形式
1.动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或者是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作.例如：
I hate going out in such weather.我讨厌这种天气出门.
He put off making a decision. 他拖延时间,不做决定.
2.动名词的完成式表示一个动作完成状况,通常发生在谓语动词的动作之前.例如：
I am proud of having written such a good novel.我写了一本这样好的小说,感到很骄傲.
You should have apologized for not having kept your promise.你没有遵守诺言本来应该向我表示歉意.
I remember having seen this film before. 我记得以前看过这部电影.
I have failed again. I regret not having taken his advice. 我又失败了.我后悔没有听他的劝告.
Do you remember having ever promised me that? 你记得曾经答应过我这件事吗?
【注意】
1.在实际应用中,虽然动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的,但我们可以用动名词的一般式.例如：
Excuse me for coming late. 原谅我来晚了.
On arriving home, he called me. 他一到家,就给我打电话了.
Thank you for attending the meeting instead of me.谢谢你替我去参加了会议.
2.如果一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这个动作的承受者时,这个动名词一般来说要用被动形式.例如：
You can't go out without being allowed. 没有人批准你不能出去.
You can't eat anything before being operated on. 在动手术之前你不能吃东西.
This math problem is far from being worked out. 这道数学难题没有解出来.
Did you mind being punished by the teacher? 你受到老师的惩罚不介意吗?
She was furious at being denied admittance. 不让她去她很生气.
§13使用动名词应注意的几个问题
1.动名词的复合结构：如果一个动名词或动名词短语前用一个物主代词或名词的所有格（在口语中可以用宾格代词）来表示动名词的逻辑主语,这种结构被称为动名词的复合结构,动名词的复合结构具有以下句法功能：主语、宾语、表语等.例如：
It is no use your telling me not to worry. 你告诉我别担心是没有用的.（主语）
Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong. 你的正确未必就意味着我的错误.（主语或宾语）
The firm have deferred my going on holiday until next month. 商行已经把我的休假时间推迟到下个月.（宾语）
What's troubling me is your not having enough money.使我烦恼的是你没有足够的钱.（表语）
What made the teacher angry was Lipin's making much noise. 使教师生气的是李平的吵闹.（表语）
He laughed at my brother and me liking rice pudding.他嘲笑我的兄弟和我喜欢大米布丁.（用宾格代词,作介词的宾语）
There is no need for that being done.做那件事没有必要.
2.动名词做主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式.例如：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来支援对我们是很大的鼓舞.
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.
3.当动名词作宾语而又带有自己的补足语（形容词或名词）时,要用it代表动名词,并将它放到补足语之后.例如：
I found it no use arguing with you.我觉得与你辩论是徒劳无益的.
I don't think it worthwhile buying such a dictionary. 我认为这样的词典不值得一买.
Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一试会有好处吗?
【注意】能够用于这一句型常见的动词有：consider, find, think等.能用于这一句型常见的形容词和名词有：any good, no use, no good, worthwhile, useless, senseless, dangerous等.
4.下列短语中的介词常常省略,因此后面要接动名词.
1)Spend time(money) (in) 花时间（钱）（干某事）,
2)be busy (in) 忙于（干某事）
3)lose no time (in) 不失时机（干某事）
4)There is no point (in)（干某事）毫无意义
5)waste time (in) 浪费时间（干某事）
6)keep on 继续（干某事）
7)have no difficulty (in) （干某事）没有困难
8)have fun (in) (干某事)有趣
9)have (no)trouble (in) （干某事）有（没有）困难
10) have headaches (in) (干某事) 头痛
11) end up (by) (以干某事)告终
12) take turns (at) 轮流 （干某事）
13) bother (about)(因干某事)烦恼
14) have a hard time (in)(因干某事)吃苦
15) be through (with) 完成
16) What's the use (of ) …(干某事)有什么用?
例如：
You needn't bother (about) coming up.你不必费心来跑一趟.
Let's take turns (at )doing it. 让我们轮流干吧!
5.动名词可以和介词构成短语,作定语用.能够被这种定语修饰的名词有：method of , way of, surprise at, art of, opportunity of, habit of, hope of, process of, possibility of , importance of, necessity of, intention of , means of , right of, experience of, reason for等.例如：
Do you have any experience in running schools? 你有管理学校的经验吗?
What's your reason for coming late? 你晚来是什么原因?
You must take this opportunity of taking part in the Asian Games. 你一定要抓住参加亚运会这次机会.
Do you approve of my way of dealing with this matter? 你赞成我处理这件事的方法吗?
6.如果一个动名词具有很多名词的特点：可以有自己的冠词,有自己的定语,在某种情况下有复数形式；并且也失去了许多动词的特点：没有完成式和被动式,没有自己的状语和宾语,这样的动名词被称为名词化的动名词.如果要表示它逻辑上的宾语,通常在这个名词化的动名词后加上一个介词of , 再加逻辑宾语.例如：
You should have given the classroom a good cleaning. 你本来应该把教室好好打扫一下.（有自己的冠词）
It was Tom who did the recording. 是汤姆录的音.（有自己的冠词）
This work needs careful planning.这工作需要周密的计划.（有自己的定语）
Did you paid any attention to their comings and goings? 你对他们的来踪去迹注意到了吗?（有复数形式）
Most of the digging , moving and compressing of earth was done by machines. 挖土、运土和打夯工作大部分用机器进行.（有自己的逻辑宾语）
7.动名词作表语与不定式作表语的比较：动名词主要说明行为本身,用来表示抽象、泛指的动作,并不明确表示动作发生的时间,而不定式则表示某次具体的,尚未发生的将来动作.例如：
My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语.（泛指的行为,表示职业）
My job is to teach them to read the text.我的工作是教会他们读课文.（表示一次具体的任务）
Another error they had made was to think they could beat their opponents.他们所犯的另一个错误,就是认为可能击败对手.（不定式作表语表示已经发生的动作）
主语如果是动名词,则表语也应用动名词,不能用不定式.主语如果是不定式,表语也应用不定式,不能用动名词.例如：
Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 眼见为实.(不能说：Seeing is to believe. To see is believing.)
如果动作十分抽象,已经失去动词性能而接近名词,则用动名词.例如：
My hobby is gardening. 园艺是我的爱好.
不说：My hobby is to garden.
My favorite winter sport is skating. 我最爱好的冬季运动是滑冰.(不说：My favorite winter sport is to skate.)